Mahbub ul Haq Research Centre at LUMS

Waseem, M. (2020). Islamic Constitutionalism: Case of A Religious Sub-System in Pakistan. Arab Law Quarterly.

Waseem, M. (2016). Unscrambling of the British Empire: India and Pakistan as 'unequal' members of the Commonwealth. South Asian History and Culture, 7 (1), doi:10.1080/19472498.2015.1109318.

Waseem, M. (2013). Talking change or maintaining the status quo? The 2013 elections in Pakistan. South Asian Journal (SAFMA).

Waseem, M. (2013). Role of Media in Peace-building between India and Pakistan. South Asian Journal (SAFMA).

Waseem, M. (2012). Judging Democracy in Pakistan: Conflict between the Executive and Judiciary. Contemporary South Asia, 20 (1), 19-31, doi:10.1080/09584935.2011.646077.

Waseem, M. (2011). Pakistan: A majority-constraining federalism. India Quarterly, 67 (3), 213-228, doi:10.1177/097492841106700302.

Waseem, M. (2010). Democracy and Political Conflict in Pakistan. International Journal of South Asian Studies, 3.

Waseem, M. (2006). Constitutionalism in Pakistan: The Changing Patterns of Dyarchy. Diogene, 53 (4), 102-115, doi:10.1177/0392192106070361.

Waseem, M. (2004). Pakistan: Beyond Elections 2002. South Asian Journal (SAFMA).

Waseem, M. (2004). Perceptions about America in Pakistan. International Journal of South Asian Studies, 50.

Waseem, M. (2003). Pluralism and Democracy in Pakistan. International Journal of Multicultural Societies, 5 (2), 162-176.

Waseem, M. (2002). Causes of Democratic Downslide. Economic and Political Weekly, 37 (44-45).

Waseem, M. (2000). Religious Nationalism and Sectarian Strife: Politics of Islam in Pakistan. The Visvabharati Quarterly, 8 (4).

Waseem, M. (1999). Ethnic and Religious Nationalism in Pakistan. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 23 (2).

Waseem, M. (1998). Political Development and Conflict Resolution in Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review.

Waseem, M. (1998). Democratization in Pakistan: A Decade of Trials and Tribulations. Journal of Punjab Studies, 5 (2).

Waseem, M. (1997). Partition, Migration and Assimilation: A Comparative Study of Pakistani Punjab. Journal of Punjab Studies, 4 (1).

Waseem, M. (1997). Affirmative Action Policies in Pakistan. Ethnic Studies Report (International Journal of Ethnic and Social Studies), 15 (2).

Waseem, M. (1997). Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Mushtaqur the Crossfire, and Rahman, Divided Kashmir. International Affairs, 28 (1).

Waseem, M. (1997). Gurharpal Singh and Ian Talbot, eds, Punjabi Identity: Continuity and Change. Contemporary South Asia, 6 (1).

Waseem, M. (1995). Islam and the Secular State in Pakistan. Ethnic Studies Report (International Journal of Ethnic and Social Studies).

Waseem, M. (1992). Pakistan's Lingering Crisis of Diarchy. Asian Survey, 32 (7), 617-634, doi:10.2307/2644945.

Waseem, M. (1991). A. L. Mabogunj, The Development Process: A Spatial Context. Third World Quarterly.

Waseem, M. (1985). Akbar S. Ahmad and David M. Hart, eds, Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. Journal of Asian Studies.

Waseem, M. (1985). American Perceptions of Politics in Pakistan: The Elite Syndrome. Pakistan Journal of American Studies.

Waseem, M. (1984). Stephen Green, Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with Israel 1948-1967. Pakistan Journal of American Studies.

Waseem, M. (1982). Miles D. Wolpin, Militarism and Social Revolution in the Third World. Third World Quarterly, 4 (4).

Waseem, M. (1982). Local Power Structures and Relevance of Rural Development Strategies: A Case Study of Pakistan. Community Development Journal, 17 (3), 225-233, doi:10.1093/cdj/17.3.225.

Waseem, M. (1982). J. S. Mill's Utilitarian Philosophy. Pakistan Journal of European Studies, 17 (3), 225-233, doi:10.1093/cdj/17.3.225.

Waseem, M. (1982). Pluralism and Interest Groups in American Democratic Theory. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences.

Waseem, M. (1982). S. Gopal, ed, Jawahar Lal Nehru: An Anthology, and Sharif-al-Mujahid, Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah: Studies in Interpretation. Third World Quarterly, 4 (1).

Waseem, M. (1981). Economic Development and Political Change at the District Level. Public Administration Review (NIPA).

Waseem, M. (1981). Ingold Vogelar and A. R. de Souza, eds, Dialectics of Third World Development. Third World Quarterly, 3 (3), doi:10.1080/01436598108419551.

Waseem, M. (2020). Political parties in an 'establishmentarian democracy', Published. Mariam Mufti, Sahar Shafqat and Neilofar Siddiqui (Eds.), Pakistan's Political Parties: Surviving Between Dictatorship and Democracy, Georgetown University Press, Georgetown University Press.

Waseem, M. (2016). Military, militancy, and the crisis of governance, Published. Ishtiaq Ahmad and Adnan Rafiq (Eds.), Pakistan's Democratic Transition: Change and Persistence, Routledge.

Waseem, M. (2016). Indo-Pakistan relations: social, cultural and political dimensions, Published. Balwinder Singh (Eds.), Social and Economic Development in South Asia, Punjabi University.

Waseem, M. (2016). Operational dynamics of political parties in Pakistan, Published. Christophe Jaffrelot (Eds.), Pakistan at the Crossroads: Domestic Dynamics and External Pressures, Columbia University Press.

Waseem, M. (2015). Constitutionalism and power dynamics in Pakistan, Published. Mark Tushnet & Madhav Khosla (Eds.), Unstable Constitutionalism: Law and Politics in South Asia, Cambridge University Press.

Waseem, M. (2012). Urban Sindh: Region, state and locaility, Published. Mona Kanwal Sheikh, Farzana Sheikh and Gareth Price (Eds.), Pakistan: Regional Rivalries, Local Impacts, Danish Institute for International Studies and Chatham House.

Waseem, M. (2010). Ethnic and Islamic Violence in Pakistan, Published. Paul R. Brass (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of South Asian Politics: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, Routledge.

Waseem, M. (2010). Pakistan's India Policy and Elite Perception of the Status of Indian Muslims, Published. E. Sridharan (Eds.), International Relations Theory and South Asian Regional Cooperation, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (2009). Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan, Published. Rajshree Jetly (Eds.), Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics, Routledge.

Waseem, M. (2008). Reconstructing the State in Pakistan: Agenda and Practice, Published. Lok Raj Baral (Eds.), Nepal: New Frontiers of Restructuring of State, Adroit Publishers.

Waseem, M. (2008). Democratization in Pakistan: The 2002 Elections and After, Published. Saeed Shafqat (Eds.), New Perspectives on Pakistan: Visions for the Future, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (2007). Islam and the West: A Perspective from Pakistan, Published. James L. Peacock, Patricia M. Thornton and Patrick B. Inman (Eds.), Identity Matters, Berghahn Books.

Waseem, M. (2007). Functioning of Democracy in Pakistan, Published. Zoya Hasan (Eds.), Democracy and Muslim Societies: The Asian Experience, Sage Publications.

Waseem, M. (2005). Anti-Americanism in Pakistan, Published. Denise Corne and Tony Judt (Eds.), With US or Against US: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism, Macmillan/Palgrave Press.

Waseem, M. (2005). Causes of Democratic Downslide, Published. Mahendra Singh and Veena Kukereja (Eds.), Pakistan: Democracy, Development and Security Issues, Sage Publications.

Waseem, M. (2004). Muslim Migration from East Punjab: Patterns of Settlement and Assimilation, Published. Ian Talbot and Shinder Thandi (Eds.), People on the Move, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (2004). Origins and Growth Patterns of Islamic Organizations in Pakistan, Published. Satu Limaye, Robert Wirsing and Mohan Malik (Eds.), Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia, Asia-Pacific College of Security Studies.

Waseem, M. (2004). Democracy and Pluralism in Pakistan, Published. John Rex and Gurharpal Singh (Eds.), Governing Multicultural Societies, Ashgate/Avebury.

Waseem, M. (2003). Causes of Democratic Downslide, Published. S. Akbar Zaidi (Eds.), Continuity and Change: Sociopolitical and Institutional Dynamics in Pakistan, City Press.

Waseem, M. (2003). The MQM: A Profile, Published. Subrata Kumar Mitra, Mike Enskat and Clemens Spiess (Eds.), Political Parties in South Asia, Greenwood Publishing Group.

Waseem, M. (2002). The Dialectic Between Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy, Published. Christophe Jaffrelot (Eds.), Pakistan: Nationalism Without a Nation, Zed Books.

Waseem, M. (2002). Corruption, Violence and Criminalization of Politics in Pakistan, Published. KM De Silva, GH Peiris and SWR de A Samarasinghe (Eds.), Corruption in South Asia, International Center for Ethnic Studies.

Waseem, M. (2001). Democratization and Economic Development in Pakistan, Published. Takako Hirose (Eds.), Development and Democracy in South Asia, Institute of Oriental Culture.

Waseem, M. (2001). Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan, Published. K. M. de Silva (Eds.), Conflict and Violence in South Asia, International Center for Ethnic Studies.

Waseem, M. (2001). The Political Ethnicity and the State of Pakistan, Published. Norio Kondo (Eds.), The Nation-State and Transnational Forces in South Asia, University of Tokyo.

Waseem, M. (2001). Mohajirs in Pakistan: A Case of Nativization of Migrants, Published. Crispin Bates (Eds.), Community, Empire and Migration: South Asians in Diaspora, Palgrave.

Waseem, M. (2000). Dynamics of Electoral Politics in Pakistan, Published. S. Basu and S. Das (Eds.), Electoral Politics in South Asia, K. B. Bagchi and Company.

Waseem, M. (2000). Dix ans de Democratie au Pakistan, Published. Christophe Jaffrelot (Eds.), Democraties d'ailleurs, Karthala.

Waseem, M. (1999). Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: Case of Mohajir Nationalism, Published. G. Peiris and SWR Samarasinghe (Eds.), Millennial Perspectives: Essays in Honour of Kingsley de Silva, Law and Society Trust.

Waseem, M. (1999). Partition of Punjab: A Comparative Study of Migration and Assimilation, Published. Ian Talbot and Gurharpal Singh (Eds.), Region and Partition: Punjab and Bengal, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (1998). The 1997 Elections in Pakistan: One Step Forward, Published. Charles Kennedy and Craig Baxter (Eds.), Pakistan 1997, Westview Press.

Waseem, M. (1998). Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: The Case of Mohajir Qaumi Movement, Published. Justus Richter and Christian Wagner (Eds.), Regional Security, Ethnicity and Governance: The Challenges for South Asia, Manohar Publications.

Waseem, M. (1998). Pakistan: Electoral Politics and Democracy, Published. John M. Richardson Jr. and SWR de A Samarasinghe (Eds.), Democratization in South Asia, International Centre for Ethnic Studies.

Waseem, M. (1991). Quaid-e-Azam and State Building in Pakistan, Published. K. F. Yousaf (Eds.), Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.

Waseem, M. (1990). Pakistan Resolution and Ethnonationalist Movements, Published. K. F. Yousaf (Eds.), Pakistan Resolution Revisited, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.

Waseem, M. (1990). Urban Growth and Political Change at the Local level: The Case of Faisalabad City 1947-1975, Published. Akbar S. Ahmad (Eds.), Pakistan: The Social Science Perspective, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (1988). Pakistan's Perceptions of the Impact of U.S. Politics on its Policies Toward Pakistan, Published. Noor A. Husain and Leo E. Rose (Eds.), Pakistan-US Relations: Social, Political and Economic Factors, Institute of East Asian Studies.

Waseem, M. (1988). Underdevelopment of Social Sciences in Pakistan, Published. S. H. Hashmi (Eds.), State of Social Science in Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam University.

Waseem, M. (1985). European Colonialism and Institutionalization of Third World States, Published. A. A. Kadeer (Eds.), Europe and the Third World, University of Karachi.

Waseem, M. (2022). Political Conflict in Pakistan, Hurst.

Waseem, M. (2006). Democratization in Pakistan: A Study of the 2002 Elections, Oxford University Press.

Waseem, M. (1994). The 1993 Elections in Pakistan, Vanguard, Lahore.

Waseem, M. (1989). Politics and the State in Pakistan, Progressive Publishers.

Waseem, M. (1987). Pakistan under Martial Law 1977-1985, Vanguard, Lahore.

Waseem, M. (2011). Dilemmas of Pride and Pain: Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan, R&D Report, (Working Paper no.48), University of Birmingham.

Waseem, M. & Mufti, M. (2009). Religion, Politics and Governance in Pakistan (R&D Working Paper no. 27), University of Birmingham.

Waseem, M. (2014). Pakistan in 2014: The crisis of governability in the age of terrorism. Pakistan: Opportunity in Crisis, St. Anthony's College, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2014). Parliament and Governance in Pakistan. Governance and public-policy making: A Eurasian view, DAAD and LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. & Faiz, A. (2014). The 2014 Indian elections: Perspectives from Pakistan. The 2014 Indian elections and Indo-Pakistan relations, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2013). Political parties and electoral politics. Political parties and the 2013 elections (Panel organizer), Karachi Literary Festival, Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2013). Pakistan: Leadership, democracy and governance. Social change and security imperatives: Challenges for leadership and democratic governance in Pakistan, FC College, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2013). Imperialism at high noon. Colloquium on Prof. Rajmoham Gandhi's book Punjab: A history from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2013). The media's role in peace between India and Pakistan. South Asian vision and union, SAFMA, Amritsar, India.

Waseem, M. (2012). Urban Sindh: Region, State and Locality. Pakistan: The Impact of Regional Rivalries, Chatham House and Danish Institute of International Studies, London, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2011). Pakistan: A Majority- Constraining Federalism. The State of Pakistan, International Seminar, Academy of Third World Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2011). Conflict between Judiciary and Executive in Pakistan. 25th Annual conference of the British Association of South Asian Studies (BASAS), University of SOUTHAMPTON, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2010). Independence of Ombudsman. Asian Ombudsman Association Regional Conference, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.

Waseem, M. (2009). India and Pakistan: Transcending the State of Denial. India and Pakistan: The Costs of Conflicts, Academy of Third World Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2009). Pakistan: Democracy in The Age of Terrorism. Countering Militancy in Pakistan: Domestic, Regional and International Dimensions, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

Waseem, M. (2008). Making Parliament Work in Pakistan. Making Parliament Work in Pakistan. Making Parliament Effective, Wilton Park Conference, Sussex, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2008). The Lawyers Movement in Pakistan 2007-2008. 20th European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2007). Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan. Symposium on Contemporary Pakistan, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Waseem, M. (2007). Reconstructing the State in Pakistan: Agenda and Practice. Conference on Restructuring the State, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Waseem, M. (2007). Political Trends in Pakistan: Future Scenarios. Contemporary Pakistan in the Changing Global Paradigm, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2006). Applying Qualitative Research: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Qualitative Research in Developing Countries, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2006). Islam and the West: The Civilizational Metaphor. Second Annual Social Sciences Conference, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2005). Governance and Development: The Constitutional Imperative. Annual Conference of Pakistan Society of Development Economists, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2005). Peace between India and Pakistan: Issues for Research. Peace in South Asia, Institute for Development and Communication, Chandigarh, India.

Waseem, M. (2005). Regime and Opposition in the 2007 Election. Balancing Stability and Change: Political Reform, Islamic Activism and Development for Pakistan, US Naval Postgraduate School and CERI-Sciences Po, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2005). Functioning of Democracy in Pakistan. Democracy and Muslim Societies: The Asian Experience, Observer Research Foundation (ORF), New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2005). Islam, Terrorism and the West. How Does Terrorism Change Relations Between States Today?, Fondation Pour L'innovative Politique, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2005). Constitutionalism in Pakistan: The Lingering Crisis of Diarchy. Conflicts, Law and Constitutionalism, Maison des Sciences de L'Homme (MSH), Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2005). Constitutionalism in Pakistan. The State, Citizenship and Religion in Pakistan, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2004). Islam, Terrorism and the West. The Impact of Terrorism on International Relations, Foundation Pour L'innovative Politique, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2004). Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan. Democracy, Ethnicity and Conflicts in South Asia, MSH, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2004). Pakistani Perceptions about Indian Muslims. International Relations Theory and South Asia, University of Pennsylvania Institute for the Advanced Study of India (UPIASI), New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2003). Shifting patterns of Anti-Americanism in Pakistan. Western and Non-Western Perceptions of America in the Aftermath of 9/11, CERI, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (2003). Democratization in Pakistan: The 2002 Elections and After. New Perspectives on Pakistan: Context, Realities and Vision for the Future, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.

Waseem, M. (2003). Political Conflict in Pakistan: From Sources to Solutions. Dialogue among Civilizations: The Key to a Safe Future, Polish Asia-Pacific Council, Warsaw, Poland.

Waseem, M. (2003). The Movement in Kashmir: The Current Phase. Conference on Kashmir Revisited, US Department of State, Washington DC, United States of America.

Waseem, M. (2003). Re-conceptualizing Regional Dynamics in South Asia. South Asian Conceptions of International Relations: Asian Political and International Studies Association (APISA), Goa, India.

Waseem, M. (2003). Perceptions of America in Pakistan. Conference on Perceptions of America in Asia, Japan Association for Asian Studies, Tokyo, Japan.

Waseem, M. (2003). Islam and the West: An Emerging Dichotomy. Conflict and Conflict Resolution, US Institute of Peace, Washington, United States of America.

Waseem, M. (2002). A Model of Plural Democracy for Pakistan. Governance in Multi-Cultural Societies: Comparative Lessons in Public Policy, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2002). Origins and Growth Pattern of Islamic Organizations. Religion and Security in South Asia, Asia-Pacific Center for Strategic Studies, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Waseem, M. (2002). Problems of Governance in Pakistan. Governance and Local Development in South Asia, Wilton Park, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2002). Islam and the West: Peoples, Policies and Profiles. Dialogue Among Civilizations: New Challenges, Polish Asia-Pacific Council, Warsaw, Poland.

Waseem, M. (2001). Dialogue on Democracy and Pluralism in South Asia, Jawaharlal Nehru University. Democratization in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects, New Delhi, India.

Waseem, M. (2001). MQM; A Profile. Political Parties in South Asia, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2001). State and Radical Islam in Pakistan. Radical Islamism, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (2001). Federalism and the Local Government System. Federalism: Perspectives and Challenges, SDPI and Freidrich Ebert Stiftung, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2000). Devolution Plan and Local Bodies Election. Role of Political Parties and the Armed Forces, FRIENDS and Hanns Seidel Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (2000). Military and Politics in Pakistan. Soldiers in Business: Military as an Economic Actor, Bonn International Centre for Conversion and Institute for Policy and Community Development Studies, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Waseem, M. (2000). Political Ethnicity and The State of Pakistan. The Nation-State and Transnational Forces in South Asia, Kyoto, Japan.

Waseem, M. (1999). India Pakistan Relations: A Dichotomous Model. Recent Developments in India-Pakistan Relations, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (1999). Religious Nationalism and Sectarian Strife in Pakistan. Fundamentalism Versus Tolerance: Identities in a Cross-Cultural World, Humboldt University, Humboldt, Germany.

Waseem, M. (1998). Ethnic and Religious Nationalism in Pakistan. The Challenge of Co-operation: South Asia and Beyond, University of Notre Dame Indiana, The Fourth Freedom Forum Goshen, and JNU New Delhi, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Waseem, M. (1998). The Dialectic between Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy. Pakistan: The Making of Foreign Policy, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris, France.

Waseem, M. (1998). Governance in Asia. Governance and Values in Asia, UNDP, Malaka, Malaysia.

Waseem, M. (1997). Electoral Democracy in Pakistan. Pakistan: Fifty Years as a State, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, United States of America.

Waseem, M. (1997). Democratization in Asia. New and Restored Democracies on Democracy and Development, Third Conference, Bucharest, Romania.

Waseem, M. (1997). Mohajirs in Pakistan: A Case of Nativization of Migrants. Communalism and Migration: South Asians in Diaspora, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (1997). The 1997 Elections in Pakistan. Elections in South Asia, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (1996). Democratization in Pakistan: The Current Phase. Annual Conference of Political Studies Association, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.

Waseem, M. (1996). Pakistan: Elections and Electoral Politics. Pakistan Workshop, American Institute of Pakistan Studies, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (1996). Partition of Punjab. 14th European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Waseem, M. (1995). Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan. Challenges to the State in South Asia, SOAS, St Antony's College Oxford and Humboldt University, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Waseem, M. (1994). Islam and Secular State in Pakistan. Sectarianism and the Secular State, ICES Kandy and Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington DC, United States of America.

Waseem, M. (1988). Underdevelopment of Social Sciences in Pakistan. State of Social Sciences in Pakistan, University Grants Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (1986). Pakistan's Perceptions of US Policies toward Pakistan. Second United States-Pakistan Bilateral Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Waseem, M. (1985). War and Peace in Afghanistan. Non-Violent Solutions of World Conflicts, Center for International Understanding, Bellagio, Italy.